Breast augmentation is a type of plastic surgery to enlarge the breast and correct its shape.The operation is performed using special implants, which do not seem at all inferior to natural mammary glands.
What is it?
Breast augmentation with implants is a plastic surgery that allows the mammary glands to be corrected.This technique is applied to women who have sagging breasts, changes in their shape and volume, for example, as a result of having a child or breastfeeding.
Breast augmentation is one of the methods of surgical breast augmentation and correction of its shape.
The operation is prescribed after a complete examination and is performed in a hospital.
In this case, implants of different shapes, contents and volumes are used, which can be installed under the fascia, gland or pectoralis major muscle.
The location of the incisions can also vary.To avoid the development of complications after the intervention, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the rules of care.
In order for the mammary glands to look more natural after surgery, the specialist will give recommendations on the choice of implant size.
Types of prostheses
All materials are divided into several varieties.
By content
They are classified into several types.
Silicone
They consist of a cohesive gel of different degrees of density.The peculiarity of these implants is that, if they are damaged, they do not leak.
salt
Filling: saline solution.These products are less popular than others, but their cost will be somewhat lower.Additionally, they have a shorter shelf life and when used under the skin, bumps and bumps can form.
The installation of selected implants is a key stage of augmentation mammoplasty.
The rehabilitation process and how painful it will be will depend on its correct location and contact with the tissues.
With competent actions on the part of the surgeon, most complications can be easily avoided.
hydrogel
It is a new generation bioimplant.It is fully compatible with the human body, which almost completely eliminates the risk of rejection.Hydrogel has many positive properties and its quality is in no way inferior to silicone prostheses.Its advantage is elasticity, safety and non-toxicity.
By shape
Experts distinguish between round and teardrop-shaped implants.The former are used for minor changes in the mammary glands.Breast augmentation with round implants is suitable for women who want to achieve a natural breast shape.
By type of surface and profile
The surface of dentures can be smooth or rough.
There are also high and low implants.
When choosing a product, the doctor must take into account the patient's age, weight, height, body type, structure of the sternum, the condition of the mammary glands and their size.
Access methods
To insert an implant into the chest cavity, specialists use three types of tissue dissection, as a result of which the void space is replaced.
periareolar
Breast tissue is dissected at the location of the areola.The main advantage of this technique is that the doctor has the opportunity not only to correct the shape of the nipple, but also to change its position.
The scar after surgery almost completely disappears over time.
submammary
An incision is made along the fold line under the breast.In terms of the inconspicuousness of the scar, this method is considered the most convenient, since the seam is located in the place where the mammary gland covers the skin of the torso.
axillary
It involves incisions in the area near the armpits.The method is sloppy and more complex;The scars will be located in a visible place.Furthermore, in this case it is difficult to correctly place the implants in the pocket between the mammary gland and the muscle.
Location of prostheses
They can be placed under the muscle fascia, under the mammary gland or under the pectoralis major muscle.A combined method is often used, in which several location tactics are combined at once.
Difficulty Categories
To determine this indicator, the following values must be taken into account:
- spotaccess;
- volumesurgical intervention;
- anatomicalcharacteristicsand the desired size of the prosthesis;
- generalconditioncustomers;
- presence of relativerestrictionsto the operation.
Plastic surgery involves three categories of complexity.
first
First degree complexity augmentation mammoplasty involves periareolar access and endoprostheses.At the same time, the method is characterized by moderate trauma and minimal surgical intervention.
second
The patient's condition is satisfactory.Prostheses with vertical scar are made;It represents a medium level of intervention and injury.
third
There are relative limitations that can cause complications.An anchor lift is performed, during which the implants are installed.
Indications
Mammoplasty is performed not only to improve the appearance of the mammary glands, but also to eliminate deformities and other defects.
The main indications for plastic surgery include:
- littlesizebreasts;
- asymmetry;
- saggingbreast or areola prolapse, which can occur against the background of rapid weight loss;
- changeshapesas a result of breastfeeding or childbirth;
- hyperpigmentationpacifier;
- incorrectly executedplasticbefore this;
- deformationcongenital roundness.
However, the main factor remains the aesthetic transformation.
Contraindications
The correction of the mammary glands using gel or silicone prostheses has its absolute and relative limitations.
The first group includes:
- diseasesinternal organs with serious disease;
- ageup to 18 years;
- childhood periodfeeding;
- cancer;
- mentalabnormalities and epileptic seizures;
- rapecoagulabilityblood;
- infections.
Relative contraindications include:
- fibrous gangliainside the mammary gland;
- bigweight;
- syphilisand HIV;
- chronic formhepatitis;
- diseasesautoimmunesystems, for example, rheumatism, nephritis, scleroderma;
- varicosedilation of veins
In addition, it is not recommended to perform surgery for diabetes mellitus in the compensation stage.The operation should be postponed during menstruation or if there is an unreasonable increase in body temperature.
Preparation
Breast augmentation includes preparation.
An important point is to visit some specialists.The surgeon examines the mammary glands, the condition of the skin in this area and determines the size and volume of the breast.Additionally, the doctor will inform you about the actions during the surgical procedure, the consequences and the result.
A consultation with a gynecologist, mammologist and therapist will help identify any limitations of the surgery.The anesthesiologist will help determine the presence of individual intolerance and a tendency to develop an allergic reaction to the drugs and materials used.
After this, the patient is referred for laboratory tests, which may include the following tests:
- blood and urine;
- biochemistry;
- for HIV, syphilis and hepatitis;
- sugar test;
- by group and Rh factor;
- coagulogram.
Instrumental examination involves performing fluorography, x-rays, electrocardiograms and ultrasound examinations.
In the presence of pathological processes that occur chronically, it will be necessary to obtain a report from the treating physician, which will indicate the duration of remission.
If no contraindications to surgical intervention have been identified, a woman should follow a number of recommendations at the preparation stage.
No later than a week and a half before the expected date, you must stop smoking and drinking alcohol.Do not expose the body to stressful situations and nervous overstrain.You will also need to stop taking medications that reduce blood clotting.
Execution technique
Arrival at the clinic is possible the day before or directly on the day of the surgical intervention.Before this, the doctor may recommend the patient to take a sedative at night, which will help relieve nervous tension and ensure good sleep.In the morning at the hospital, the woman's blood pressure and body temperature are measured.
Subsequently, the specialist administers general anesthesia.The surface of the skin in the area of the mammary glands is treated with an antiseptic solution, catheters are installed and the body is connected to a special device that allows you to monitor the condition of the body during the operation.
Once the anesthetic takes effect, the doctor proceeds directly to the manipulation.A cut of the required length is made in a preselected area.The tissue is carefully detached to form a pocket in which the implant will later be placed.To stop bleeding, the vessels are cauterized.
The surgeon then removes the stent and installs it in the desired position through the incision.After all manipulations are completed, a suture and a fixing bandage are applied to the wound.The mammary glands are supported by girdles, which will prevent the implant from moving to one side.
Recovery period
First of all, proper care of the wound surface is necessary, which will not only prevent the formation of pustular formations, but also accelerate the healing process.
As a rule, self-absorbing sutures are applied to the incision and do not need to be removed.After about 7 days, the patient will only need to remove the nodules that will protrude from the surface of the skin.
To prevent scarring, you will need to apply a band-aid to the seam and wear a corset.
Since in the first days after the operation the woman will be bothered by severe pain, the specialist will recommend taking painkillers to eliminate it.Antibiotics are prescribed to reduce the chance of infection.
To relieve swelling, you should not take a warm shower or bath or expose your body to any physical activity for two weeks.To prevent capsular contracture, it is necessary to massage the breasts, but this can be done no earlier than 2 weeks after the installation of the implants.
For 5 days it is necessary to avoid visiting the sauna, bathhouse and solarium.Tanning in direct sunlight is also prohibited.
Special attention should be paid to diet during the recovery period.Food should be light and easily digestible.You should include more fruits and vegetables containing iron and fortified cocktails in your diet.
Complications
All possible side effects are divided into two groups.
Early
This category includes the formation of bruises, microhematomas, swelling and pain.These phenomena are not dangerous to human health and disappear on their own within a few days.
late
This group includes:
- openingbleeding– vascular damage contributes to the development of complications;
- seroma– appears, as a rule, a few hours after the intervention, so the patient must stay in the hospital for 1-3 days;
- losssensitivitynipple-areola complex - often occurs as a result of damage to the tactile nerve;
- bruises;
- suppurationat the site of sutures - the main cause of complications is non-compliance with septic and antiseptic rules;
- educationkeloidsscars and hypertrophied tissue;
- breakup ordeflation(expiration) of the prosthesis;
- dystopiaimplants;
- capsularFibrous type contracture.
Each of the above consequences requires immediate medical intervention.
Breast augmentation is a complex surgical procedure that requires highly qualified surgeons.Therefore, before making a decision on breast augmentation with implants, it is necessary to weigh the pros and cons and take seriously the choice of the clinic where the manipulation will be performed.